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- WHERE IS THE CONFIGURATION USED DURING STARTUP ON CISCO IOS DEVICES LOCATED? FULL
- WHERE IS THE CONFIGURATION USED DURING STARTUP ON CISCO IOS DEVICES LOCATED? SOFTWARE
- WHERE IS THE CONFIGURATION USED DURING STARTUP ON CISCO IOS DEVICES LOCATED? MAC
If a startup configuration file is found in NVRAM, the IOS loads it into RAM as the running-config and executes the commands in the file, one line at a time. This file has the previously saved configuration commands and parameters including:Īny other configurations saved by the network administratorĮxecuting the Configuration File. After the IOS is loaded, the bootstrap program searches for the startup configuration file, known as startup-config, in NVRAM. Locating and Loading the Configuration File This version of IOS is used to help diagnose any problems and can be used to load a complete version of the IOS into RAM.Ĥ.
WHERE IS THE CONFIGURATION USED DURING STARTUP ON CISCO IOS DEVICES LOCATED? FULL
If a full IOS image can not be located, a scaled-down version of the IOS is copied from ROM into RAM.
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The IOS is typically stored in flash memory, but can also be stored in other places such as a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. The main task of the bootstrap program is to locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAM.
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Once in RAM, the CPU executes the instructions in the bootstrap program. After the POST has been completed, the router executes the bootstrap program.Īfter the POST, the bootstrap program is copied from ROM into RAM. During this self-test, the router executes diagnostics from ROM on several hardware components including the CPU, RAM, and NVRAM.
WHERE IS THE CONFIGURATION USED DURING STARTUP ON CISCO IOS DEVICES LOCATED? SOFTWARE
When the router is powered on, software on the ROM chip conducts the POST. The POST process is used to test the router hardware. Cisco IOS is a multitasking operating system that is integrated with routing, switching, internetworking, and telecommunications functions.ġ.The Power-On Self Test (POST) is a common process that occurs on almost every computer during bootup. The operating system software used in Cisco routers is known as Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS). This is in contrast to the most common forms of RAM, such as DRAM, that requires continual power to maintain its information. NVRAM (Nonvolatile RAM) does not lose its information when power is turned off. Flash is used as permanent storage for the operating system, Cisco IOS. ROM does not lose its contents when the router loses power or is restarted.įlash memory is nonvolatile computer memory that can be electrically stored and erased. Many of these features, including ROM monitor software, will be discussed in a later course. Firmware includes the software that does not normally need to be modified or upgraded, such as the bootup instructions. ROM uses firmware, which is software that is embedded inside the integrated circuit. However, the router also contains permanent storage areas, such as ROM, flash and NVRAM. RAM is volatile memory and loses its content when the router is powered down or restarted. Packet Buffer: Packets are temporarily stored in a buffer when received on an interface or before they exit an interface. The ARP cache is used on routers that have LAN interfaces such as Ethernet interfaces.
WHERE IS THE CONFIGURATION USED DURING STARTUP ON CISCO IOS DEVICES LOCATED? MAC
It is used to determine the best path to forward the packet.ĪRP Cache: This cache contains the IPv4 address to MAC address mappings, similar to the ARP cache on a PC. IP Routing Table: This file stores information about directly connected and remote networks.
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With few exceptions, all commands configured on the router are stored in the running configuration file, known as running-config. Running Configuration File: This is the configuration file that stores the configuration commands that the router IOS is currently using. Operating System: The Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) is copied into RAM during bootup. RAM stores the instructions and data needed to be executed by the CPU. The CPU executes operating system instructions, such as system initialization, routing functions, and switching functions. Roll over components in the figure to see a brief description of each. Usually you do not need to open the router unless you are upgrading memory. To see the internal router components, you must unscrew the metal cover and take it off the router. The figure shows the inside of an 1841 router. Depending on the model, those components are located in different places inside the router. Routers have many of the same hardware and software components that are found in other computers including:Īlthough there are several different types and models of routers, every router has the same general hardware components. The IMP was a Honeywell 316 minicomputer this computer brought the ARPANET to life on August 30, 1969. The very first router, used for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), was the Interface Message Processor (IMP). A router is a computer, just like any other computer including a PC.